Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
About
GBM is the most malignant intracranial tumor, WHO grade IV. The heterogeneity within the tumor is extremely high, including multiple gene mutations (EGFR amplification, PTEN deletion, TP53 mutation, etc.). Core dilemmas: ① The heterogeneity within tumors is extremely high, and it is difficult for a single targeted drug to cover all tumor cells;② The blood-brain barrier hinders drug delivery;③ Tumor stem cells (GSCs) are naturally resistant to chemoradiotherapy;④ The median survival benefit of standard treatment options (surgery + temozolomide + radiotherapy) is only about 2.5 months.
Features & Symptoms
- The most malignant intracranial tumor
- Rapid growth and aggressive
- Surgery is difficult to remove completely
- easy to relapse
Treatment Options
| Treatment | Description | Stage | Price Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAR-T cell therapy | CAR-T targeting EGFRvIII/IL13R α2 is injected directly into the brain. CAR-T therapy for GBM has shown some efficacy in Phase I/II trials, especially in patients with recurrent GBM. | Phase I/II | $400K - $1.2M/疗程 |
| oncolytic virotherapy | Genetically modified herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 G207) is injected directly into tumors, activating the immune response. Mayo Clinic trials show a breakthrough in high-grade gliomas in children. | Phase II | $200K - $700K/疗程 |
| Tumor vaccine + immune checkpoint combination | Personalized tumor vaccines based on new antigens, such as DCVax-L, combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, activate a systemic anti-tumor immune response. | Phase II/III | $150K - $500K/疗程 |
Prognosis
The median survival time is only 12-15 months, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 5%
Additional Notes
Notes: Molecular pathology testing: It is recommended to test for MGMT promoter methylation, IDH1/2 mutation, EGFR amplification, and TERT promoter mutation. Patients with MGMT methylation positive will respond better to temozolomide chemotherapy; postoperative treatment: Stupp regimen (Surgery + concurrent chemoradiotherapy + adjuvant temozolomide) is the standard treatment regimen, and chemoradiotherapy should be started 4-6 weeks after surgery; tumor electric field therapy (TTFields): Optune equipment has been approved for newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. Wearing for ≥18 hours per day can extend the median survival by about 5 months; Epilepsy management: About 30-50% of GBM patients will develop epilepsy, requiring standardized anti-epileptic treatment; glucocorticoid management: Dexamethasone can effectively control peritumoral edema, but long-term use has significant side effects, so the dose should be reduced as soon as possible.; Exclusive service commitment: The platform will allocate a dedicated medical team to each patient to assist in dismantling and properly deploying the following precautions throughout the process. When cross-state and cross-border diagnosis and treatment projects or drugs are involved, the platform will make overall arrangements for the entire docking; for disabled and semi-disabled patient groups, the platform will provide rush-free alternative solutions (including remote consultation, door-to-door sampling, direct drug delivery in the cold chain, etc.), to ensure that patients can get the same high-quality diagnosis and treatment resources without having to travel in person.; Study phase: Phase I/II clinical. Prognosis: The median survival time is only 12-15 months, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 5%.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?
GBM is the most malignant intracranial tumor, WHO grade IV. The heterogeneity within the tumor is extremely high, including multiple gene mutations (EGFR amplification, PTEN deletion, TP53 mutation, etc.). Core dilemmas: ① The heterogeneity within tumors is extremely high, and it is difficult for a single targeted drug to cover all tumor cells;② The blood-brain barrier hinders drug delivery;③ Tumor stem cells (GSCs) are naturally resistant to chemoradiotherapy;④ The median survival benefit of standard treatment options (surgery + temozolomide + radiotherapy) is only about 2.5 months.
What are the symptoms of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?
The most malignant intracranial tumor,Rapid growth and aggressive,Surgery is difficult to remove completely,easy to relapse
How is Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated?
CAR-T cell therapy: CAR-T targeting EGFRvIII/IL13R α2 is injected directly into the brain. CAR-T therapy for GBM has shown some efficacy in Phase I/II trials, especially in patients with recurrent GBM.; oncolytic virotherapy: Genetically modified herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 G207) is injected directly into tumors, activating the immune response. Mayo Clinic trials show a breakthrough in high-grade gliomas in children.; Tumor vaccine + immune checkpoint combination: Personalized tumor vaccines based on new antigens, such as DCVax-L, combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, activate a systemic anti-tumor immune response.
What is the prognosis for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?
The median survival time is only 12-15 months, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 5%