Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
About
AML is a malignant clonal disease of myeloid hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Elderly AML (>60 years old) has a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Core dilemmas: ① Elderly patients cannot tolerate strong chemotherapy;② Although breakthroughs have been made in targeted drugs such as FLT3 and IDH1/2, the problem of drug resistance is prominent;③ Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a radical treatment but is limited by age and complications.
Features & Symptoms
- Malignant proliferation of myeloid cells in bone marrow
- Normal hematopoiesis is suppressed
- Hemorrhage, infection, organ infiltration
- Elderly patients have extremely poor prognosis
Treatment Options
| Treatment | Description | Stage | Price Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| FLT3 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy | FLT3 inhibitors such as Midosaurin and Gilteritinib combined with standard chemotherapy have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with FLT3 mutant AML. | FDA批准 | $200K - $500K/年 |
| IDH1/IDH2 inhibitors | Ivosidenib (IDH1) and Enasidenib (IDH2) inhibitors for IDH mutant relapsed/refractory AML. | FDA批准 | $180K - $450K/年 |
| Venetoclax joint program | The BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax, combined with the demethylating drug (azacitidine/decitabine), is the standard of treatment for elderly/unfit AML. | FDA批准 | $150K - $350K/年 |
Prognosis
Median survival in elderly patients with AML is 6-12 months
Additional Notes
Notes: Genetic testing recommendations: It is recommended to perform gene testing such as FLT3-ITD/TKD, NPM1, IDH1/2, CEBPA, and TP53, which can guide targeted treatment and prognosis assessment; FLT3 mutation management: Patients with FLT3-ITD mutation can be combined with midotolin or geitinib;IDH mutation management: Ivosidenib can be considered for IDH1 mutations, and Enasidenib can be considered for IDH2 mutations; Elderly patients: Patients ≥60 years old should consider low-intensity treatment options (such as vinecla + azacitidine); Infection prevention: Strict infection prevention is required during intensive chemotherapy, and admission to laminar flow ward during the neutropenia period. Exclusive service commitment: The platform will allocate a dedicated medical team to each patient to assist in dismantling and properly deploying the following precautions throughout the process. When cross-state and cross-border diagnosis and treatment projects or drugs are involved, the platform will make overall arrangements for the entire docking; for disabled and semi-disabled patient groups, the platform will provide rush-free alternative solutions (including remote consultation, door-to-door sampling, direct drug delivery in the cold chain, etc.), to ensure that patients can get the same high-quality diagnosis and treatment resources without having to travel in person.; Study phase: FDA approval. Prognosis: Median survival in elderly patients with AML is 6-12 months.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
AML is a malignant clonal disease of myeloid hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Elderly AML (>60 years old) has a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Core dilemmas: ① Elderly patients cannot tolerate strong chemotherapy;② Although breakthroughs have been made in targeted drugs such as FLT3 and IDH1/2, the problem of drug resistance is prominent;③ Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a radical treatment but is limited by age and complications.
What are the symptoms of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Malignant proliferation of myeloid cells in bone marrow,Normal hematopoiesis is suppressed,Hemorrhage, infection, organ infiltration,Elderly patients have extremely poor prognosis
How is Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated?
FLT3 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy: FLT3 inhibitors such as Midosaurin and Gilteritinib combined with standard chemotherapy have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with FLT3 mutant AML.; IDH1/IDH2 inhibitors: Ivosidenib (IDH1) and Enasidenib (IDH2) inhibitors for IDH mutant relapsed/refractory AML.; Venetoclax joint program: The BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax, combined with the demethylating drug (azacitidine/decitabine), is the standard of treatment for elderly/unfit AML.
What is the prognosis for Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Median survival in elderly patients with AML is 6-12 months