Seal and sea lion brains have evolved to support volitional control of vocal behavior and learning
Summary
Seals and sea lions have highly developed volitional breathing control, to which the phocid seals add vocal production learning, including mimicry. In this work, using histology and ex vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography, we provide evidence for a phylogenetic spectrum of accumulative neural adaptations supporting aspects of volitional vocal control across pinnipeds. Otariids and phocid seals, but not coyotes, have a direct connection between the vocal motor cortex and p
Content
# Seal and sea lion brains have evolved to support volitional control of vocal behavior and learning
*Published: 2026 Mar 12*
Seals and sea lions have highly developed volitional breathing control, to which
the phocid seals add vocal production learning, including mimicry. In this work,
using histology and ex vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography,
we provide evidence for a phylogenetic spectrum of accumulative neural
adaptations supporting aspects of volitional vocal control across pinnipeds.
Otariids and phocid seals, but not coyotes, have a direct connection between the
vocal motor cortex and phonatory brainstem nuclei. Harbor seals showed
hypertrophic connectivity between the anterior ventrolateral thalamus and the
vocal premotor cortex-part of a forebrain circuit related to vocal learning in
birds and mimicry in humans and parrots. We demonstrate that phocid seals have
auditory-premotor pathways potentially related to developmental call learning.
DOI: 10.1126/science.adx9367